2026
Caught Between: Traditional Defence Bureaucracies and AI-Driven Warfare
CSS, ETH Zurich
Who directs defence innovation in the age of AI, and to what strategic ends? Five priorities for institutional adaptation.
WRITING & SCHOLARSHIP
Publications.
Books, journal articles, policy analysis, and commentary on military change. Explore by format, year, or research theme.
74 selected publications
NEWEST FIRST2026
Clausewitz in the Age of AI
CSS, ETH Zurich
Reconsidering the relationship between political purpose, human judgement, and the growing role of AI in warfare.
2026
Rethinking Asia-Europe’s Security and the Search for a “Third Way” for America’s Allies in Europe and Asia
The Asan Security Quarterly, 1(1), 35–40
2025
How to Train a Drone Warrior, with Lessons from Ukraine
RSIS Commentary
The implications of drone warfare for military training and the development of operational expertise.
2025
Mitigating the Risks of AI-Driven OODA Loops in Military Decision-Making
GC REAIM Expert Policy Note Series · HCSS
How to preserve human oversight, adaptability, and control as military decision processes become increasingly automated.
2025
2024
The Contours of Singapore’s Defense Planning: Rethinking Deterrence, Defense Diplomacy, and Resilience
Defense Planning for Small and Middle Powers · Routledge
2024
Reimagining Defense Innovation: Defense AI in Singapore
The Very Long Game · Springer Nature
Singapore’s approach to defence AI within its wider system of military and technological innovation.
2024
The ‘AI Wave’ in Space Operations: Implications for Future Warfare
The Oxford Handbook of Space Security · Oxford University Press
2024
Emerging Technologies, Defence Innovation & Military Change: How Will the AI Wave Change Warfare in East Asia?
Georgetown Journal of Asian Affairs, 10, 50–59
2024
Reshaping Air Power Doctrines: Creating AI-Enabled “Super-OODA Loops”
The Air Power Journal, Fourth Edition
2023
The AI Wave in Defence Innovation
Assessing Military Artificial Intelligence Strategies, Capabilities, and Trajectories
Routledge
A comparative examination of military AI strategies and governance across major and middle powers.
2023
2023
Rethinking the AI Wave in Digital Warfare
East Asia Forum
2022
Defence Innovation and the 4th Industrial Revolution
Security Challenges, Emerging Technologies, and Military Implications
Routledge
How large and small militaries respond to emerging technologies, and what these responses mean for future conflicts.
2022
Chinese and Russian Military Modernization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Russia-China Relations: Emerging Alliance or Eternal Rivals? · Springer
2022
North Korea’s Evolving Cyber Strategies and Operations: Toward Weapons of Mass Effectiveness
North Korea’s Foreign Policy · Bloomsbury Academic, 173–200
2022
The Contours of Emerging Technologies and Future Warfare
IDSS Paper · RSIS
2021
The Sixth RMA Wave: Disruption in Military Affairs?
Journal of Strategic Studies, 44(4), 456–479
A framework for understanding the drivers and constraints of the emerging AI-enabled revolution in military affairs.
2021
Cybersecurity
The European Union’s Security Relations with Asian Partners · Palgrave Macmillan, 209–230
Cybersecurity cooperation between the European Union and its Asian partners.
2021
China’s Political Warfare in Taiwan: Strategies, Methods and Global Implications
Hybrid Warfare: Security and Asymmetric Conflict in International Relations · I.B. Tauris
2020
2020
Strategic Contours of China’s Arms Transfers
Strategic Studies Quarterly, 14(1), 91–116
2020
North Korea’s Cyber Strategies: Continuity and Change
SIRIUS – Journal of Strategic Analyses, 4(2), 144–158
2019
Strategic Competition and Future Conflicts in the Indo-Pacific Region
Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs, 2(2), 83–97
2019
Is the Innovation Winter Coming?
RSIS Commentary 126
2019
The SAF After Next Incarnation
RSIS Commentary 041
2019
AI’s Impact on Military Power
The Straits Times, 25 June
2018
Singapore’s Next Frontier: In Search of Defence Innovation
RSIS Commentary 105
2018
Cross-Domain Coercion: Contours of East Asia’s Future Conflicts
RSIS Commentary 071
2017
2017
China’s Strategy and the Defence Sector: Advances and Challenges
The Defence Industry in Russia and China · EUISS
2017
Military-Cyber Capabilities in the Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific Regional Security Assessment 2017 · IISS
2017
Strategic Contours of China’s Arms Exports
RSIS Commentary 165
2017
A Nimble 4G SAF Needs Space for Mavericks
The Straits Times, 13 May
2017
China’s Evolving Cyber Warfare Strategies
Asia Times, 8 March
2017
Challenges Ahead in Xi’s Bid to Reform China’s Military
Asia Times, 11 January
2016
Military Innovation in Small States
Creating a Reverse Asymmetry
Routledge
A comparative study of military innovation in Israel and Singapore, examining how small states pursue military advantage.
2016
South Korea’s Military Innovation Trajectories
Breakthrough on the Peninsula · Center for a New American Security
2016
Diesel-Electric Submarine Modernization in Asia: The Role of Air-Independent Propulsion Systems
Emerging Critical Technologies and Security in the Asia-Pacific · Palgrave Macmillan
2016
Cyber Conflicts and Singapore’s Total Defence Strategy
RSIS Commentary 156
2016
Tailored Deterrence: Influencing North Korean Decision-Making
RSIS Commentary 093
2016
Rethinking Trump’s Policy Options for North Korea
Asia Times, 21 December
2016
Where Quantum Satellites Fit in PLA Strategy
The Lowy Interpreter, 8 September
2016
PLA Reforms: Toward Winning Informationised Local Wars
The Lowy Interpreter, 3 February
2015
2015
2015
Capacity for Innovation: Technological Drivers of China’s Future Military Modernization
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 2025 · Strategic Studies Institute, 129–162
2015
Rebalancing U.S. Forces: Basing and Forward Presence in the Asia-Pacific — Book Review
Contemporary Southeast Asia, 37(1), 146–149
2015
The Global Arms Industry in 2030 (and Beyond)
RSIS Workshop Report
2015
Russia’s Concept of Hybrid Wars: Implications for Small States
RSIS Commentary 091
2015
Decoding China’s Cyber Warfare Strategies
RSIS Commentary 045
2015
China and the “Three Warfares”
The Diplomat. 18 December
2015
Tackling Cybersecurity Challenges: The Israeli Experience
The Straits Times, 24 June
2014
China’s Strategic Imprint on the Korean Peninsula: Crisis Scenarios and Implications for the U.S.–ROK Alliance
Contending for the Asia-Pacific: New Dynamics in U.S.–China Relations · Routledge
2014
Locating China’s Place in the Global Defense Economy
Forging China’s Military Might: A New Framework for Assessing Innovation · Johns Hopkins University Press
2014
Submarine Modernisation in East Asia: Competitive Strategies
RUSI Newsbrief, 34(5)
2014
Back to the Future: China’s Defence Industry Innovation Paths
RSIS Commentary 229
2014
Building a Cyber Iron Dome: Israel’s Cyber Defensive Envelope
RSIS Commentary 192
2014
Toward Stealth and Sea Denial: Submarine Modernization in East Asia
RSIS Commentary 130
2014
China’s Aviation Industry on the Horizon?
RSIS Commentary 030
2014
Strategic Rivalries Escalate in East Asia
The Korea Herald. 28 April
2014
East Asia’s Changing Security Dynamics: The Role of Airpower
RSIS Commentary 026
2013
The AirSea Battle Debate and the Future of Conflict in East Asia
RSIS Policy Brief
2013
China’s Military Aviation Industry: In Search of Innovation
The Chinese Defense Economy Policy Briefs · IGCC, University of California San Diego
2013
Rethinking Information and Cyber Warfare: Global Perspectives and Strategic Insights
RSIS Workshop Report
2013
Creating Reverse Asymmetry: Israel’s Military Innovation
RUSI Newsbrief, 33(1)
2013
Scientific Innovation and China’s Military Modernization
The Diplomat, 3 September
2013
China’s Defence Aviation Industry: Toward Stealth Innovation?
East Asia Forum
2012
The Ambiguous China Threat
Project Syndicate. 24 November
2012
Decoding the Air-Sea Battle Concept: Operational Consequences and Allied Concerns
RSIS Commentary · republished by Eurasia Review
2012
China on the Launch Pad
Project Syndicate. 6 June
2012
Transforming South Korea’s Defence Capabilities
East Asia Forum, 28 May
2011
RMA Diffusion Paths and Patterns in South Korea’s Military Modernization
The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 23(3), 369–385
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